5 Types of Modifying Mistakes

5 Types of Modifying Mistakes 5 Types of Modifying Mistakes 5 Types of Modifying Mistakes By Mark Nichol A modifier is an optional word or phrase that changes the nature of the information in a sentence without altering the sentence’s grammatical structure by its inclusion or omission. The specific varieties of modifier misuse follow. 1. Dangling Modifier A dangling modifier is one in which the introduced word or phrase seems to be associated with the subject rather than the object, or with nothing. In â€Å"A keen observer of popular culture, Smith’s words are as pertinent as they are poetic,† Smith’s words, rather than Smith himself, are said to be a keen observer. To unambiguously make the intended point, the writer should form the â€Å"keen observer† comment as a complete clause and conclude the sentence with a separate clause: â€Å"Smith is a keen observer of popular culture, and his words are as pertinent as they are poetic.† 2. Dangling Participle One type of dangling modifier is the dangling participle, in which the sentence element that misleads the reader is, or includes, a participle, a word that appears to be both an adjective and a verb, such as leading in the following example: â€Å"Leading the way, the path opened into a clearing.† This sentence errs by not explicitly mentioning the object in this case a person preceding others as they follow a path that leads to a clearing and thereby suggesting that the path, rather than a person, led the way. Depending on the writer’s intent, the sentence should refer to the object in the first person (â€Å"As I led the way, the path opened into a clearing†), the second person (â€Å"As you led the way, the path opened into a clearing†), or the third person (â€Å"As she led the way, the path opened into a clearing†). 3. Disruptive Modifier A disruptive modifier is one that interrupts the flow of a sentence because it is located between the verb and the object. In â€Å"He was instructed to administer every two hours the dosage,† administer and â€Å"the dosage† should be adjacent. The modifying phrase, in this case, is best positioned at the end: â€Å"He was instructed to administer the dosage every two hours.† A split infinitive, in which a preposition is separated from a verb by an adverb (â€Å"She intended to quickly leave a message†) rather than being in proximity, with the adverb placed elsewhere (â€Å"She intended to leave a message quickly†), is a type of disruptive modifier. However, although split infinitives can sound awkward, many writers, recognizing that the traditional prescriptive ban of such constructions was founded on a misguided effort to emulate the supposedly perfect grammar of Latin, consider them acceptable. 4. Misplaced Modifier A misplaced modifier, because its location in a sentence is erroneous, affects a word or phrase other than the one intended. In the sentence â€Å"Do we really want folks who are so easily duped in the White House?† the incorrect implication is that there is a concern about people being deceived while they are located in the White House. But this sentence features a casual reference to the current presidential administration, not to just anyone who happens to be visiting the White House, so the modifying phrase â€Å"in the White House† should immediately follow folks and precede the action: â€Å"Do we really want folks in the White House who are so easily duped?† A variation of this problem is caused by the misplacement of a limiting modifier almost, only, simply, and the like. Only, in the sentence â€Å"He wasn’t only listening to tone, but also to the rhythms and patterns† suggests that the subject was doing more to tone than listening to it, but the meaning, which only becomes clear when the entire sentence is read which becomes clear only when the sentence is read, that is is that the subject was listening to tone as well as to other qualities. That meaning is expressed in this revision: â€Å"He was listening not only to tone but also to the rhythms and patterns.† 5. Squinting Modifier A squinting modifier, also called a two-way modifier, is a word whose association is ambiguous; it could be modifying a preceding word or a following one. In â€Å"Asking the child about it too often results in shrugs,† the writer has failed to communicate whether shrugs occur from too-frequent questions, or whether questions asked with an unstated frequency result in an excessive number of shrugs. One solution is to place the modifier at the beginning of the sentence: â€Å"Too often, asking the child about it results in shrugs.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Words with More Than One SpellingConnotations of 35 Words for Funny PeopleWords That Begin with Q

Essay on Poetry.

Essay on Poetry. The reason for poetry in our lives cannot be explained in just a few words. Poetry makes you feel what one is explaining. It causes great emotions. In my opinion, poetry is stating words that have feeling in a more interesting and appealing way. The reason for poetry is for entertainment, thinking, and expressing yourself.First, poetry creates a sense of comforting entertainment. For example, when reading, "One Fish, Two Fish, Red Fish, Blue Fish . . . "(Dr. Sues), you feel joyful. You could've been having a bad day up until that point. Who doesn't like feeling happy? Most people do, and this is why poetry has universal appeal. Key strategies these poems use are, rhyme, onomatopoeia, and rhythm. These make a poem brighter, fun, and happier. Out of all the reasons why poetry is in our lives, entertainment is the most appealing.Next, poetry causes you to think in different ways.Edgar Allan Poe Museum (Richmond, Virginia)For example, when reading, "In Spring of youth it was my lot to ha unt of the wide world a spot . . . "(Edgar Allan Poe), you may have to reread the lines a few times to comprehend. These poems make you think outside the box. Who doesn't want to expand their mind? This also proves why poetry has a universal appeal. A strategy that these poems use is complication. The words make you think in an unfamiliar way.Lastly, poetry is used to express how one is feeling. For example, when reading, "Ah, when to the heart of man was it ever less than a treason to go with the drift of things, To yield with a grace to reason, . . . "(Robert Frost), you feel what he is feeling. Poems that express what one is feeling are interesting to read. You...

Critical assessment of English international private law governing the Essay

Critical assessment of English international private law governing the care of children and child abduction - Essay Example The situation of orphans, physically and mentally handicapped children is really alarming. They are also subjected to child labor, domestic violence and child trafficking. The improper care of children may result in dissatisfaction resulting in anger and militancy. Recent example of rising militancy and taking over the law and order in to the hands of students in colleges of India is believed to be originated from childhood problems (FN2). As they are not aware of their own rights, it is the responsibility of so called grown up adult population to protect their basic rights. The utmost care taken at the childhood will motivate the children to a greater extent. It is evident from the fact that motivation of students comes from encouragement in form of academic grades (FN3), the similar thing will happen if children are taken care in right perspective. Several organizations have been dedicating themselves for better care of children. To list a few, UNICEF(United Nations Children Emerge ncy Fund), JCCC-SL (Jonathan's child care center Sierra Leone). African child association etc (FN4). English International Private law has been instrumental in protecting the basic interests of children and providing solution to child abduction. This has entered in to force on 15th July 1955 with statute of Hague conference on private international law (FN5). The main purpose of the Hague conference was to facilitate the progressive unification of the rules of the rules of English international private law. Otherwise, there was a enough scope of confusion regarding interpretation of private laws of individual states. Heartening to note that the English international private law certainly established standard norms and commonly agreeable principles in solving the issues related to human rights and children protection. Provisions under International Private law for child care and child abduction: Two conventions of Hague extraordinarily contributed for the benefit of children. They are as follows: 1. Convention on the civil aspects of International child abduction 2. Convention on jurisdiction, applicable law, recognition, enforcement and co-operation in respect of parental responsibility and measures for the protection of children. The first one addresses the issues relating to secured return of children subjected to abduction. It was concluded on 25th October 1980 and entered in to force on 1st December 1983. Its contribution in protecting the interests of children in issues relating to their custody is enormous. Another important objective of this convention is to protect or safeguard the children at global level from the ill effects of their wrongful removal or retention and for setting the norms for ensuring their immediate return to the country of their habitual residence. Assessment of Convention on the civil aspects of International child abduction : This convention ensures that the rights of custody and of access under the law of contracting state (FN6) are effectively respected in the other contracting sates (article 1 of the convention). This also directs the respective member states to implement suitable measures to secure with their territories the

Animal Cruelty Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Animal Cruelty - Research Paper Example They are beaten, kept in chains, enslaved, etc., and it is basically done for human entertainment. It is an issue since it is directly linked with any purchase behavior exhibited by human beings. Any product purchased by an individual encompasses some form of animal abuse. Animal cruelty is a global issue because overall consumer market demand is directly or indirectly associated with the slaughtering of animals. In the United States as well as across EU states, animal cruelty percentage has increased in recent years. Figure1 states number of animals which are utilized by European countries for their research and development. Similar trends as shown in figure1 is observed across other regions, making animal cruelty a global issue. The target audience of this paper is a young generation or students of schools and colleges. This topic holds significance for target audience since the focus will be on major developments for preventing animal cruelty. Young generation people are considere d to be future of any country and they should be the ones to eradicate such ill-treatment from society. Animal abuse cases have increased over the years and hence this topic is essential in the current context. According to figure2, many animal abuse cases have been closed without any such action and this has increased percentage rate of cruelty. Hence the current world scenario demands further research on this particular area. The increased percentage of animal cruelty cases indicates that there is a need for immediate action.

Assess the case against Moral Elitism Essay Example for Free

Assess the case against Moral Elitism Essay Moral Elitist believe in a metaphysical claim: there are moral facts and an epistemic claim: we have access to them. According to moral relativism, there are no moral principles or values objectively real and applicable to everyone; rather, what’s right/wrong and good/bad essentially depends on individual preference or culture, and this varies from person to person or group to group. There is not just one moral fact but instead there are millions and we access them be research. There are two different forms of moral elitism one is cultural relativism which based on societies and the other is in the individualistic form, moral subjectivism. Moral relativism seems tolerant (â€Å"you do your thing and I’ll do mine†), but is it reasonable to believe? We should think not. First, let’s look at it in its group or cultural form, cultural relativism. According to cultural relativism, ethics essentially depend on one’s culture or tribe. That is, CR says action X is right or good if the society says X is right or good, and X is wrong or bad if the society says X is wrong or bad. Action X may be right in one culture but wrong in another. Our culture may hold that apartheid is wrong, but another culture may be okay with apartheid, because of a difference in the history of interracial relations. On cultural relativism, then, morality is wholly a matter of cultural invention, i.e. social construction and because such circumstances vary from group to group, so do the constructed moralities. Thus, we shouldn’t impose our culture’s moral values on others, and others shouldn’t push theirs on us. There are no better or worse societies, they are just merely different and so one society cannot judge another. Instead we should be non judgemental and celebrate diversity. Cultural relativism sounds good, but is it sound? Let’s assume that cultural relativism is true, this would be very problematic. The biggest problem for this argument is put forward by G.E Moore’s Open Question. He suggests that the relativists have mis-defined morality, it makes to sense to ask whether society approve of something or it, but does this make it automatically good? This ends up giving support to obviously evil regimes and evil cultural practices. For example it becomes impossible to criticize the Nazis. If Nazi culture says that genocide is right, then, for Nazi Germany, genocide is right. It was just their culture, after all. But we know that we can and should condemn such regimes and practices. There is also the criticism put forward by Objectivists who believe in moral development, where sometimes we have to go against the popular view, we need to be able to compare different societies. For example surely the German society now is much better than how it was like with all the racism involved when Hitler was in power. Objectivists believe that societies are a hierarchy where some are in fact better than others whereas cultural relativism believes in breadth where all societies are equal, but surely their tolerance goes too far? If cultural relativism is true, then internal cultural reform is disabled. What the culture says is right is right, so its not possible for ones culture to be mistaken let alone reformed. Yes, one can critique acts according to cultural standards, but its not possible to criticize ones own cultural standards. However they do arise for example Jesus, Gandhi and Martin Luther King, they were all trying to apply another standard for example Martin Luther King was trying to apply the standard of equality. The existence of cultural reformers is a fact, and this fact counts against cultural relativism. Cultural relativism also self-refutes. If CR is true, it allows for the possibility of a society having a non-relative or absolute morality. That is, on cultural relativism a society could hold that cultural relativism is false, and they would say that this morality is true. So, if cultural relativism, then it is also not true. This is a serious logical problem. There is also the problem of which culture? The one youre born into or the one you presently occupy? When asking someone what cultural groups they belong in they will struggle as they have loads, for example being a student, a Muslim etc. Now let’s look at moral subjectivism. According to moral subjectivism ethics are merely a matter of individual preference. That is, to say action X is right or good if I like X, and X is wrong or bad if I don’t like X. Depending on our feelings, action X may be right for you but wrong for me. You may not like abortion, but I may be okay with abortion, if my feelings are not as troubled by it as yours are. Morality, then, is basically a matter of taste, and tastes vary. People should choose our own morals and have freedom, not simply just accept our parents, society or religion. They are relative to the individual and so are presented through our personal feelings. Feelings are the main index and guide to show what morals we should follow. However this could result in problems as intra-personal criticism is lost. If moral subjectivism is true, whatever we feel is right is right. In other words, we can never be wrong morally and we cannot criticize ourselves (all we can be is true to our feelings). This does not destroy subjectivism but it serves as a red flag against IR, because our pre-theoretic experience of morality is that we sometimes make moral mistakes, in spite of our feelings. We also cannot criticize others. We can’t truly morally condemn the behaviour of, say, Jack the Ripper clearly liked killing women; the feelings of a person justified their actions. In other words, according to subjectivism: Who are we to judge them? There is also the problem of how are our feeling a reliable guide to right and wrong? Sometimes we can misjudge and feelings can cloud our judgement, for example someone with a bad temper might kill someone by accident due to their anger issues. Also reason can sometimes change our feelings, for example if I am on a diet but I feel like I really want a chocolate ice cream, reasoning about this would convince me not to follow my feelings and opt to eat something healthy instead. In conclusion we have seen the two types of moral elitism. Both are quite sophisticated and a lot more open minded. Surely our feelings mater sometimes when it comes to moral decisions. There cannot be just set moral facts as how would everyone even agree about what they are. When trying to decide what is right and wrong, everyone seems to disagree so surely our feelings and following our own society would lead to our moral decisions. However many problems arise logically from moral elitism as sometimes we cannot choose our own morals instead we are a passive recipient where morals impose themselves on us. Following our society or feelings do not necessarily lead us to what is right or wrong and so it’s reasonable to conclude that individual moral relativism is flawed—logically, factually, and morally as following it will lead to wrong situations where wrong things will be condoned. Therefore moral elitism should be rejected.

Review of The Republic of Tea Website Essay example -- Business Analys

When I am looking for a new flavor of tea, I often visit the Republic of Tea's website to browse all the unique varieties of tea that they carry. The Republic of Tea offers many different varieties of tea from around the world that you cannot buy in a local grocery store. Anyone, from tea connoisseurs to average students, can use this website to find great tasting tea. The Republic of Tea's website is well organized, with categories for each type of tea and all the different flavors. The homepage shows pictures of tea and accessories used to brew the perfect cup of tea. The main points of interest for the website is the text that describes the tea and the layout of the products being sold. These aspects along with the pictures that accurately depict the tea's color and shape, and the easy to use design of the website, makes The Republic of Tea a great way to introduce anyone to the world of tea. The homepage of The Republic of Tea has a simple, yet elegant design. The background color used is black, with text and photos appearing in a centered beige colored box, with a navigation bar on top that is colored light red. The colors work together to focus your attention on the centered box, which usually displays a themed tea depending on the upcoming holiday, and some of the drinkware being sold on the website. In the upper right hand corner of the navigation bar is the company's logo along with a black tea pot; this can be used to return to the homepage. The navigation bar contains contact information, such as a telephone number, and an option to display the website in different languages. A search bar is also provided so that you can find a particular type of tea by name or variety. The navigation bar also uses a drop... ... and tea accessories, and it is the best tea I have ever tasted. When I used the website for the first time, I found learning about the tea to be enjoyable and very interesting. My order was shipped quickly and very professionally, with everything arriving in perfect condition. The tea I ordered was a sample of different loose leaf tea, that is tea that is not put into tea bags, but instead is placed inside of a tea diffuser and then brewed in hot water. The tea was delicious and the experience has led me to continue to order exclusively from their website ever since. I love the way that the tea is displayed on the website, and how the categories separate the tea into similar groups for easy navigating. The design of the website is what initially drew my attention, but the quality of the product and the service provided is what will make me come back for more.

Is There Too Much Technology? Essay

Technology is a great thing, it is used anywhere and everywhere around the world. Whether it’s a radio or an iPad, we all have some sort of technological device lying around somewhere in the house. You can ask it to do something and it will do it for you, it is a way of improving our living conditions. Let’s start with the mobile phones as an example. If you are like me then you can’t be off your phone for more than two minutes. If you are not calling someone then you are texting someone. If you are not texting someone, then you are browsing the web, most likely you would be on facebook or twitter. If you are not doing any of those things then you would be staring blindly at your phone with nothing to do, or just waiting for something to happen. We seem very reluctant to just turn our phones off. Being a user myself I have nothing against mobile phones, but technology has become more than a tool and more of a lifestyle.  We all have to adapt to a new generation of technology. It’s all something we have to get used to. As time passes by technology seems to get better, better and better. When I was a little children all I remember was playing with my dolls. Internet usage can lead to loneliness and misery. Imagine the people, who spend all their time on the Internet, this would not leave them any time to spend with their families or friends. They would never have time to get out of their homes to meet new friends or neighbours, not allow them time to exercise , or allow them the ability to experience life. Although some people argue that technology can be good for introverted people by allowing them opportunities to have more social activities, a more accurate assessment of modern day technology would be that it is harmful to society, causing people to spend less time with family and friends, at parties, at sporting events, and less time pursuing an active lifestyle. We need to understand that while technology is useful and necessary, there are also many negative drawbacks. The modern day Internet provides users with instant information from around the globe. We are able to learn and process information at much greater rates than society did before the invention of modern technology. While all this is exciting and wonderful, technology users need to understand the dangers associated with too much of a good thing. Teens should be limited to the amount of time they spend on-line, and by themselves.

HRM Roles at Different Level Essay

The roles, functions and strategies of HRM are many and varied, and depend heavily on the nature of organizations, the vision and skills of practitioners, and changes in the external environments of organizations. These aspects will be discussed in greater detail in subsequent chapters, but such features as organizational size, history and ownership, government legislation and political factors have a significant impact on the ways in which practitioners carry out their roles. The vision and skills of practitioners allow these influences to be seen as pressures and constrictions or opportunities and challenges. The principal responsibility of HRM is to ensure that organizations have the right numbers, types and skill mixes of employees at an appropriate time and cost to meet present and future requirements. Thus, practitioners need to be aware of where organizations are going in the future, the nature of the external and internal labor markets, and the most effective strategies for m atching labor demand and supply. Practitioners need to operate at three distinct levels: strategic, operational, and functional. At the strategic level, practitioners are involved in corporate and human resource planning. At the operational level, they develop action plans to meet present labor needs. At the functional level, practitioners carry out the many activities that ensure employees are in the right place at the right time and for the right cost. Functions of HRM The Human Resources Management (HRM) function includes a variety of activities, and key among them is deciding what staffing needs you have and whether to use independent contractors or hire employees to fill these needs, recruiting and training the best employees, ensuring they are high performers, dealing with performance issues, and ensuring your personnel and management practices conform to various regulations. Activities also include managing your approach to employee benefits and compensation, employee records and personnel policies. Usually small businesses (for-profit or nonprofit) have to carry out these activities themselves because they can’t yet afford part- or full-time help. However, they should always ensure that employees have and are aware of personnel policies which conform to current regulations. These policies are often in the form of employee manuals, which all employees have. HRM is concerned to resolve the following key issues: i) What quantity and quali ty of employees will be required now and in the foreseeable future to satisfy or exceed corporate objectives? ii) Which strategies will be most effective in attracting, choosing and efficiently incorporating employees into the organization? iii) How can well-chosen employees be kept productive, satisfied and motivated to contribute to organizational growth and development? iv) What methods are appropriate to maintain effective relationships between employees, jobs, work environments and management? v) Which strategies are required to ensure that all HR activities are linked and accountable? vi) What systems are suitable for administering and evaluating the overall HR function? The functional areas that constitute an HR program and contribute to the resolution of these issues include: human resource policy, human resource planning, human resource information systems, work and job analysis, design and evaluation, recruitment and selection, diversity management, career management, employee and management training and development, counseling, discipline and separation, performance and quality management, remuneration and benefits, industrial relations management, financial management of employee schemes and overall accounta bility and evaluation, occupational health and safety etc. HRP: Concept and Meaning Planning is an essential process of management. Human resource planning (HRP)( provides the foundation for coordinating all the HRM functions. It also allows the HRM function to position itself to take the best advantage of fluctuations in the economy or labor market. The likely effects of future economic, social and legislative conditions, or organizational changes, can be converted from constraints and pressures to challenges and opportunities. Human resource planning has been explained in variety of ways. HRP translates the organizations objectives into teem of the workers needed to meet these objectives. HRP systematically forecasts an organizations future demand for and supply of employees. HRP is little like navigating a ship. It decides on a course and speeds toward destinations, with the constant need to take further readings and make necessary adjustments in order to reach that destination. HR Planning is the process of using an organization’s goals and strategy to fo recast the organization’s HR needs in terms of finding, developing and keeping a qualified workforce. In other word, HR planning is a process by which an organization ensures that it has the right number and kinds of people, at the right time, capable of effectively and efficiently completing those tasks that will help the organization to achieve its overall strategic objectives. HRP involves the process by which management determines how an organization should move from its current human resource position to its desired human resource position. Through planning management secures equilibrium between demand for a supply right number and right kinds of people at the right time at the right place. HRP is a two phased process by which management can projects the future Human resource requirements and develop Human resource action plans to accommodate the implication of projections. HRP may be expressed as a process by which the organization ensures the right number of people, right kind of people, at the right place, at the right time doing the right things for the achievement of goals of the organization. Objectives of HRP The eventual objectives of HRP are as follow: a) Establishment and recognition of future job requirements; b) To ensure the optimum and effective utilization of the human resources or work force (currently employed i.e. existing human resources); c) Assure supplies of right type of man i.e. to provide for the future human resource needs of the organization in terms of skill, qualification, number, age, sex etc. and d) Development of available human resource (training, experience and career planning). Benefits of HRP Human resource planning is concerned with the detailed planning of Human resource requirement of all types of employees throughout the period of the plan. It aims at right type of people from all sources to meet the planned requirements. Following are the benefits of HRP: a) Forecasting of long term Human resource needs to help the management to forecast the compensation costs involved; b) Anticipating Human resource needs to develop the existing Human resource to fill the future gaps; c) Human resource planning motivates the existing employees and creates favorable psychological climate for motivation; d) Human resource planning reveals the training needs of the working Human resource with the result, training and development programs, become more effective; e) Better developed Human resource results in reduced human resource costs; and f) Management succession gets the best contribution from the workers. Process of HRP The human resource planning process involves a determination of the future human resource requirements and action plans for meeting those requirements. Most of the organizations simply project requirements on the basis of past human resource growth. A substantial number related to their human resource forecast them anticipated business growth. A relation is also established with projected organization change, planned new product and services. Analyzing such factors as general economic condition, the organization business plan, past employment and anticipated change in HR policies and programs ultimately help to operate HR practice smoothly. The HRP process includes the following key factors: a) Human Resource inventory : Assessment of available resources; b) Human Resource forecast: Determination of future requirements. Another key element in the HRP process is the design of implementation plans and action programs to help achieve human resource objective. Implementing the human reso urce plan may include recruiting from inside or from outside. The organization may also approach to meet the future human resource needs by improving the utilization of the existing work force. HRP Process HRP and Strategic Planning In the past it may have been sufficient to rely on a loose relationship between the management of employees and organizational productivity or profitability. However, as earlier discussed, competitive industrial conditions demand that practitioner undertake strategic human resource planning to anticipate, prevent and resolve staffing problems in order to ensure the achievement of organizational objectives. Strategic planning is the process of setting major organizational objectives and developing comprehensive plans to achieve them. It involves deciding on the major directions of the organization, including its structure, strategies, policies and the contributions of its various resources. An important part of the strategic planning process is the determination of necessary labor requirements and the prediction of likely sources. A strategic corporate planning process usually includes: a) Definition of the corporate philosophy; b) Scanning of environmental conditions (both internal and external); c) Evaluation of the organizations strengths and weaknesses; d) Development of objectives and goals; and e) Formulation of suitable strategies. Limitations of HRP Long-range forecast are difficult and the plans are likely to be inaccurate. They are vulnerable to changes in economic conditions and market conditions. Although it is possible to predict the approximate number of vacancies that will occur in an organization as a result of deaths, resignation etc., there is no way of knowing which managers will have to be replaced or when this will occur. Human Resource Utilization Human Resource utilization is concerned with the efficient use of the organization’s existing human resources at its present level of development. Effective utilization of human resource requires two things. Firstly, people must be placed on jobs in such a way that the organization’s total human resource are most effectively allocated. The Second aspect of Human Resource utilization involves achieving optimum productivity from the work force after it has been allocated. This involves the complex motivational factors affecting individual, group and organization performance. Job Analysis: Concept and Meaning Job(analysis is the process of critically evaluating the operation, duties and relationship of the jobs. It is a procedure by which facts of each job are systematically discovered and noted. Job analysis reveals clearly what is being done and who can do it. Job analysis can be defined as obtaining information about jobs. Generally, job analysis involves the following steps: a) Collecting and recording job information; b) Checking the job information for accuracy; c) Writing job descriptions based on the information; d) Using the information to determine what skill, abilities, and knowledge are required on the job; and e) Updating the information from time to time. Job analysis is a procedure, by which pertinent information is obtained about a job, i.e. it is a detailed and systematic study of information relating to the operations and responsibilities of a specific job. It is the determination of the tasks which comprise the job and of the skills, knowledge, abilities, and responsibilities required of the worker for a successful performance and which differentiate one job from another. It is the systematic assembly of all the facts about a job. The purpose is to study the individual elements and duties. All information related to salary and benefits, working hours and conditions, typical tasks and responsibilities are required for the job analysis. The immediate products of job analysis are job descriptions and job specifications. Uses of Job Analysis Organizational Design: Job analysis is useful in classifying jobs and interrelationship among them. Responsibility commensurate with authority and accountability for various jobs can be specified so as to minimize duplication or overlapping. In order to improve organizational efficiency, sound decisions concerning hierarchical positions and functional differentiation can be taken on the basis of information obtained through job analysis. Human Resource Planning: Job analysis provides useful information for forecasting manpower requirements in terms of knowledge and skills. It also helps in planning for promotions and transfers by indicating lateral and vertical relationships between different jobs. Job analysis helps in determining quality of human resources required in an organization. It also facilitates division of work. Therefore, job analysis is an essential element of effective human resource planning. Recruitment and Selection: Information relating to the tasks, responsibiliti es, knowledge and skills serves as a realistic basis for hiring people. Job vacancy is advertised on the basis of job description and job specification. Job analysis provides understanding of what an employee is expected to do on the job. Such understanding serves as the basis for meaningful forecast of job performance. Selection methods are based upon such forecasts. Placement and Orientation: A clear understanding of job requirements helps in matching these requirements with the abilities, interests and aptitudes of people. Each job can be assigned to the person who is best suited for it. Similarly, the orientation program can be geared towards helping the employee learn the activities, tasks and duties that are required to perform a given job more effectively. Training and Development: Job analysis provides valuable information required to identify training needs, to design training programs and to evaluation training effectiveness. A clear idea of what is required on a job helps in deciding what is to be learnt and how. Similarly, employee development programs such as job rotation, job enlargement and job enrichment are based an analysis of job requirements. Performance Appraisal: Job analysis helps in determining performance standards in critical parts of a job. Employee performance can then be evaluated against known standards and critical activities. The superior can compare actual performance with the standards set with the help of job analysis. Career Path Planning: Job analysis provides a clear idea of opportunities in terms of career paths and jobs available in the organization. With the help of such understanding, employees and the organization both can make efforts for career planning and career development. Job Evaluation: Job analysis serves as the basis for determining the relative worth of different jobs. It therefore helps in developing appropriate wage and salary structures, with internal pay equity between jobs. Labor Relations: Information obtained through job analysis is helpful to both management and trade unions for collective bargaining. It can also be used to resolve disputes and grievances relating to work load, work procedures, etc. Employee Counseling: Job analysis provides information about career choices and personnel limitations. Such information is helpful in vocational guidance and rehabilitation counseling. Employees who are unable to cope with the hazards and demands of given jobs may be advised to opt for subsidiary jobs or to seek premature retirement. Health and Safety: Job analysis reveals unhealthy and hazardous environmental and operational conditions in various jobs. Heat, noise, dust, fumes, etc. are examples of such conditions. On the basis of such information management can develop measures to ensure the health and safety of employees. Sources of Information for Job Analysis According to George R. Terry, â€Å"the make-up of a job, its relation to other jobs, and its requirements for competent performance are essential information needed for a job analysis.† Information on a job may be obtained from three principal sources: i) from the employees who actually perform a job; ii) from other employees such as supervisors and foremen who watch the workers doing a job and thereby acquire knowledge about it; and iii) from outside observers specially appointed to watch employees performing a job. Such outside persons are called the trade job analyst. Sometimes, special job reviewing committees are also established. Methods of Collecting Job Data Four methods or approaches are utilized in analyzing jobs. These are: a) Personal observation: The materials and equipment used, the working conditions and probable hazards, and an understanding of what the work involves are the facts which should be known by an analyst. b) Sending out questionnaires: This method is usually employed by engineering consultants. Properly drafted questionnaires are sent out to job – holders for completion and are returned to supervisors. However, the information received is often unorganized and incoherent. The idea in issuing questionnaire is to elicit the necessary information from job – holders so that any error may first be discussed with the employee and, after due corrections, may be submitted to the job analyst. c) Maintenance of Long Records: The employee maintains a daily record of duties he performs, marking the time at which each task is started and finished. But this system is incomplete, for it does not give us any desirable data on supervisor relationship, the equipment used, and working conditions, Moreover, it is time – consuming. d) Personal interviews: May be held by the analyst with the employees, and answers to relevant questions may be recorded. But the method is time – consuming and costly. However, it may be noted that if a particular job is simple and repetitive, observation may be the only technique required. Otherwise, in most cases, interviews coupled with observation constitute the desirable approach. Caroll L. Shartle, Otis and Lenhert have provided the following suggestions for making the job analysis task simple: a. Introduce yourself so that the worker knows who you are and why you are there; b. Show a sincere interest in the worker and the job that is analyzed; c. Do not try to tell the employee how to do his job; d. Try to talk to the employees and supervisors in their own language; e. Do not confuse the work with the workers; f. Do a complete job study within the objectives of the programs; and g. Verify the job information obtained. Sources of Information about Jobs There are some sources that provide job information. These sources are basically divided into two parts. One is non human source and another is human source. a)Non human Sources: existing job descriptions and specifications, equipment maintenance records, equipment design blueprints, architectural blueprints of work area, films of employees working, training manuals and other job training materials popular literature such as magazines or newspapers etc. b) Human Sources: Job analysts; Job incumbents; and Job experts. Job Description: Meaning and Criteria Job description is a written statement that defines the duties, responsibilities, relationships and results expected of anyone in the job. It is an overall view of what is to be done in the job. Typically it includes is a written statement that defines the duties, relationships and results expected of anyone in the job. It is an overall view of what is to be done in the job. Typically it includes – job title, date, title of immediate supervisor, statement of the purpose of the job, primary responsibilities, list of typical duties and responsibilities, signature of the person who has prepared the job description and general Information related to the job (i.e. training requirements, tool use, transportation etc.). Criteria of a well-made Job Description 1) A job description must be up-to-date; 2) A standard form should be used for all jobs and positions with each category; 3) The title should be apt; 4) The job summary should give a bird’s-eye view of primary responsibilities; it should be uncluttered by detail; 5) Detailed description of duties should be as concise as is compatible with completeness; 6) The language should be simple, clear and concise.

Mothers are better parents Essays

Mothers are better parents Essays Mothers are better parents Essay Mothers are better parents Essay Mothers are more attuned Both parents can be equally good parents but overall, I do think mothers are a lot more attuned and responsive. It makes sense because they bear the child during pregnancy for nine months in their bodies! So you certainly feel the child already so close on that level. Something a father can never have and get. The mother knows the temperament of the baby even before It Is born. After the baby Is born she spends all day and night feeding, changing diaper, putting baby to sleep, playing tit baby. So there is more experience and learning about baby that helps Inform mom about how to raise this particular child. Like what works what dont. What the child Likes and dont like. Also women are generally more relationship and emotionally oriented. This helps with providing emotional support and teaching social skills to child. Women also have a biological Instinct. Fathers can sleep through a crying baby but mothers dont. I strongly believe that mothers are better than fathers because they are more ND spend more time with the kids and when the mothers hatch you like an egg you would know they love you more than anyone in the world they know how to look after you and protect you from other people by defeating. In conclusion mothers are better because they are looking after you gently not like the fathers just taking after you and Just go run off someone else leaving you out alone with no one else wit you and when your parents get divorced your mum would look after you way better than father .

Similarities of Spanish Ni to English Nor

Similarities of Spanish Ni to English Nor The Spanish conjunction ni is the equivalent of the English nor, and sometimes it is used in different ways than nor would be used. Different Uses of Ni In addition to being used as a  direct translation of nor, ni  can be used two or more times in succession to mean neither...nor and it can mean not even. In many cases in the English translations nor is used for clarity, even though the translation is correct if it is translated as or. Do not be surprised by double negatives  in Spanish. Although shunned in English, Spanish commonly uses double negatives to deliver emphasis. Ni As the Equivalent of Nor Ni is the equivalent of nor when it follows a verb that is preceded by no or another negation word such as nunca or jams. Spanish Sentence English Translation No quiere or ni hablar de su hijo. She doesnt want to hear or [nor] speak about her son. No puedo encontrarlo ni descargarlo. I cant see it or [nor] download it. Nunca estudia ni hace nada. He never studies or [nor] does anything. No compr palomitas ni refrescos. I didnt buy popcorn or [nor] soft drinks. Ni Used as Neither ... Nor Ni used twice or several times in succession can be used as the equivalent of neither ... nor. In Spanish, ni  precedes each item in the series. Spanish Sentence English Translation Ni sus creadores ni administradores son responsables. Neither its creators nor its administrators are responsible. Ser ni ms ni menos verdadero. It will be neither more nor less true. Ni nosotros ni el club hemos recibido nada. Neither we nor the club have received anything. Es como si mi blog hubiera desaparecido, porque no puedo verlo, ni yo ni nadie. It is as if my blog had disappeared, because I cant see it, not I, nor anybody. No me dabas amor, ni dinero, ni joyas ni nada. You give me neither love, money, jewels nor anything. Ya no habr muerte, ni luto, ni llanto, ni dolor. There will be neither death, mourning, tears nor pain. When Ni Means Not Even Ni can be used to mean not even, in the form of  ni​ siquiera. The word  siquiera is usually optional. Ni siquiera is the more emphatic form. Spanish Sentence English Translation Ni (siquiera) lo imaginbamos. We didnt even imagine it. Ni (siquiera) la supermodelo es inmune a los estragos del tiempo. Not even the supermodel is immune to the ravages of time. Ni (siquiera) Einstein era capaz de entenderlo. Not even Einstein was capabale of understanding. No tengo ni (siquiera) una moneda. I dont even have one coin.

Global communications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Global communications - Essay Example ntinued to evolve as the marketers come to the realisation of how to communicate efficiently through modern-day advertising methods across a range of multifaceted and progressively competitive international marketplaces. This variety of marketing involves instituting a website, and then choosing interactive types of advertising; with the strategic intent being to cater to the domestic markets clients (Fill, 2005). In defining the functions of global marketing, the inferences for worldwide interactive advertising are usually centred on an ethnocentric market. This approach could be viewed as standardised. In the hybrid strategic method of international marketing, also referred to as "glocalisation†, the strategic aim is to utilise a centralised and planned "footprint" to create an international brand identity, while permitting flexibility that is country-specific in the communication and tactical mix decisions. When deciding what the strategic propositions are as far as international interactive advertising is concerned, the aspects of global marketing no longer make use of an ethnocentric perspective. Global marketing recognises and exercises strategic intent as a way to organise the blend of centralised brand or business directives with the more localised variations in management decision making, and interactive advertising placement. Therefore, global communications definitely suggest that the existence of international online clients is a strategically anticipated result of a hybrid strategic technique (Yeshin and Gilligan, 2000). Language constraints:   In most cases, advertisements have to be interpreted. This has to be according to local version of the generic language. In some circumstances, advertisements created in foreign languages are run intentionally in order to add an air of mystery to a commodity or good. Cultural Hindrances: Subtle cultural disparities may stop an advertisement from being viewed as acceptable in one nation, or be accepted in a

Shopping Bags Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Shopping Bags - Case Study Example The company has traditionally held the view that new acquisitions are as close to Barcelona as possible because logistics costs can be kept down. Opening new stores so far away from Mercadona’s central location is a huge risk and has the potential to backfire. The reason why Mercadona chose to expand to these coastal towns is that competition is fierce in Barcelona and there is not much room for growth. Mercadona sees Cartegena, Albacete, etc. as open for competition between market competitors was small. Mercadona’s main rivals in these areas are independent grocers, traditional stores, and only a few hypermarkets. Many of the large chains have stayed away from these low population areas because the target market is much smaller than it is in Barcelona. Mercadona used to primarily operate as a warehouse and distributor. The company’s efficiency of its logistic system allowed it to offer lower prices than many of its competitors. However, this strategy has been re fined over the past few years and the company is now officially a retailer. Instead of targeting consumers on the low end, Mercadona now focuses on high quality products and has also diversified its range from standard food and beverages. A company going through this kind of change would expect to take a few years to readjust to a new marketing strategy, and the company’s income statement shows that this is the case. Although sales were healthy at 300,000,000 Euros, the cost of goods sold is 246,000,000. This figure makes up more than 80 percent of sales, which does not leave a high gross margin and leaves even less for profit. After operating costs and amortization is accounted for, the company is left with a net profit of 480,000 Euros, discounting interest and taxes. While the company is not in the worst financial shape possible, the sharp focus of its marketing strategies and objectives has taken its toll on the company. Mercadona’s main rivals such as Dia, Caprabo , and Valvi all made before-tax profit of 4 percent on sales, yet Mercadona made less than one-third of a percent. If Mercadona wants to compete better within the hypermarket industry, then it needs to find some way to reduce its cost of goods sold. It would not be logical to try and increase sales because the company is already selling at the high end of the market and so prices are already relatively high. The only thing that the company can do is to find a way to reduce production costs so that its gross profit margin and net profit are higher than the present figures. In order to achieve this, Mercadona needs to concentrate on the stores that it has now, particularly in Barcelona, and try and consolidate the gains that it has already made. The one positive thing about the company’s current position is that at least it has stores further down the coast, whereas many of its main rivals are yet to expand to those areas. Still, Barcelona offers the largest market and a signif icant number of sales, so this is where Mercadona needs to focus all of its energies on for the time being. 2. In this case I can see three main segments that are interlinked: those within walking distance of the company’s stores, housewives who cook every day, and the working class. Because parking is limited in the city of Barcelona, there are very few car spaces available for shopper to park their cars. As a result, many of the company’